Family : Torpedinidae (Electric rays) , subfamily: Torpedininae
Order : Torpediniformes  (electric rays)
Class : Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays)
Fishbase Name : Black-spotted torpedo
Fish Name : Torpedo fuscomaculata
Max size : 64.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 2712)
Environment : reef-associated ; depth range 0 - 439 m
Climate : tropical; - 40°S
Global Importance :
Resilience: Very low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)Distribution : Western Indian Ocean: with certainty from southern Mozambique to Cape Agulhas, South Africa. Possibly occurring off smaller islands in the Indian Ocean but identity of specimens uncertain and need verification.
Diagnosis : Large ray with a small caudal fin and small papillae around the spiracles (Ref. 5578). Dull grey above with variable markings, often in the form of dark lines or large spots; white below (Ref. 5578).
Biology : Inhabits estuaries and intertidal zone down to 439 m (Ref. 5578). Found in sandy areas near deep rocky reefs (Ref. 2712). Feeds on fishes and cuttlefish (Ref. 5578). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Large prey probably stunned by its powerful electric discharge (Ref. 5578). Young born in the summer (Ref. 5578)
Threatened : Dangerous:  
Dangerous : other
Coordinator : Carvalho, Marcelo
Main Ref : Compagno, L.J.V.. 1986. (Ref. 2712)

India country information
Common Names : [ No common name ]
Status : questionable
Salinity : marine
Uses : no uses