Family : Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
Order : Perciformes  (perch-likes)
Class : Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Fishbase Name : Rainbow runner
Fish Name : Elagatis bipinnulata
Max size : 180 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 26340); max. published weight: 46.2 kg (Ref. 40637)
Environment : reef-associated ; depth range 0 - 150 m
Climate : subtropical; 42°N - 41°S
Global Importance : fisheries: highly commercial
Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Assuming tmax>3; K=0.6 is doubtful)Distribution : Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Ref. 57756). Eastern Atlantic: off Genoa, Italy in the Mediterranean (Ref. 4233) and from Côte d'Ivoire to Angola (Ref. 7097). Throughout the Indo-Pacific (Ref. 37816), but rare or absent in the Persian Gulf (Ref. 3287). Eastern Pacific: mouth of Gulf of California to Ecuador; including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9283).
Diagnosis : Dorsal spines (total): 7-7; Dorsal soft rays (total): 25-28; Anal spines: 2-2; Anal soft rays: 18-20. Color dark olive green or blue above, white below; 2 narrow light blue bands on sides with a yellowish band between them; fins olive or yellowish. Upper jaw ending before the eye. Anal fin base is shorter than that of dorsal fin base. It has a 2-rayed finlet; 2 anal fin spines are detached. Dorsal and anal fins are relatively short; with small two-rayed pinnulae just behind the dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 4795). Lateral line without scutes (Ref. 26938).
Biology : Found in oceanic and coastal waters, generally near the surface over reefs or sometimes far from the coast (Ref. 9283, 11230, 48635). May form large schools (Ref. 9283, 48635). Feed on invertebrates (larger crustaceans of the zooplankton) and small fishes (Ref. 9283, 26145). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Good food fish (Ref. 9626) and a valued game fish (Ref. 26938); marketed fresh and salted or dried (Ref. 9283); also frozen and used for sashimi (Ref. 9987)
Threatened : Dangerous:  
Dangerous : reports of ciguatera poisoning , Dammann, A.E.. 1969
Coordinator : Smith-Vaniz, William F.
Main Ref : Smith-Vaniz, W.F.. 1986. (Ref. 3197)

India country information
Common Names : ചാമീന്, പൂമീന്, குல்குல், ചാമീന് , Chameen, Kulkul, Maniya, Poomeen, Rainbow runner
Status : native
Salinity : marine
Uses : no uses