Family : Soleidae (Soles)
Order : Pleuronectiformes  (flatfishes)
Class : Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Fishbase Name : Finless sole
Fish Name : Pardachirus marmoratus
Max size : 26.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 11441)
Environment : reef-associated ; depth range 1 - 15 m
Climate : tropical
Global Importance : fisheries: commercial
Resilience: Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)Distribution : Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea and Persian Gulf to Durban, South Africa and Sri Lanka (Ref. 30573).
Diagnosis : Dorsal spines (total): 0-0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 63-74; Anal spines: 0-0; Anal soft rays: 48-55; Vertebrae: 37-39
Biology : Occurs in shallow coastal waters, on sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 30573). Feeds mainly on bottom living invertebrates. Marketed fresh. Produces a bitter toxic substance from the bases of the dorsal and anal fin rays that deters predation, even by sharks (Ref. 9710) and thus may prove valuable as a shark repellent (Ref. 4537)
Threatened : Dangerous:  
Dangerous : other , Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott. 1991
Coordinator :
Main Ref : Heemstra, P.C. and O. Gon. 1986. (Ref. 3200)

India country information
Common Names : [ No common name ]
Status : native
Salinity : marine
Uses : no uses